Bromelain Benefits and Side Effects

Bromelain is a substance derived from the stems of pineapples. It contains enzymes that digest protein (proteases), and it is also a natural blood thinner and anti-inflammatory agent. Bromelain is used in supplement form for a variety of conditions.

The protein-digesting enzymes in Bromelain can work effectively to relieve symptoms of indigestion, such as heartburn and upset stomach. As an enzyme, Bromelain is most effective when combined with other enzymes that digest starches and fats. It can help to boost the action of enzymes that are not being produced in sufficient amounts by the pancreas.

Bromelain can break down blood clotting proteins called fibrins, thereby increasing circulation and allowing tissue to drain properly. It also blocks production of substances known as kinins that are produced when tissue becomes inflamed.

Studies that support the use of Bromelain as an anti-inflammatory agent indicate that it may be useful in treating inflammation associated with injury or infection. Animal studies suggest that it may be used topically to remove dead tissue from skin that has been badly burned.

Bromelain may also reduce swelling and bruising and shorten healing time after surgery. It is used in Europe as a cough suppressant and a treatment for sinusitis, and it may be as effective as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines in the treatment of both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Bromelain has been used to treat bursitis, tendonitis and connective tissue disorders as well.

Evidence from test tube and animal studies suggest that Bromelain also has properties that may make it useful in fighting bacteria and viruses. More research is needed to determine if it can be used effectively to treat infections like bronchitis and pneumonia.

Pineapples are an excellent source of Bromelain, and it is also available in supplement form. It can be taken in tablets, capsules and powders, as well as used topically (primarily for treating burns). The activity of Bromelain is measured in GDUs (gelatin digesting units) or MCUs (milk clotting units). To ensure that a particular brand has a strong enough concentration of Bromelain, choose products that list GDUs or MCUs in addition to weight on the label. The product should contain 4 GDUs or 6 MCUs per mg.

The recommended dosage of Bromelain tablets or capsules is 80 to 320 mg two to three times a day. Unless it is being used as a digestive aid, it should be taken on an empty stomach. As a digestive aid, Bromelain should be taken with meals in amounts that total 500 mg per day. To treat inflammation, amounts of up to 500 mg four times per day are recommended. Arthritis suffers can use between 500 mg and 2000 mg per day divided into two doses to treat joint pain.

What About Bromelain Side Effects?

Bromelain should not be used for more than two weeks. Though not common, side effects can include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. People who are allergic to pineapples should not use Bromelain.

Bromelain can react with certain medications, including antibiotics and blood thinners. Some studies show that it may actually increase levels of antibiotics in the blood, suggesting that it can be used to promote absorption of these medications, but such studies remain inconclusive.

Bromelain can also cause bleeding, so people taking blood-thinning medications cannot use it without risk of hemorrhaging. Finally, since it has not been determined whether pregnant women or children can use Bromelain safely, these groups should avoid using it.

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