GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) Review: Benefits and Information
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a non-protein amino acid that functions as a neurotransmitter (a chemical that facilitates communication between neurons). Neurotransmitters are either "excitatory" (i.e. they stimulate the firing of a neuron) or "inhibitory" (i.e., they tend to suppress neuron firing). GABA, which is produced from glutamate, is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. In fact, it's the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Since GABA is a naturally-occurring, easily synthesized, physiologically-important compound, it's readily available in supplement form. It's also found in various functional food products. GABA tea is popular in Asia, for example, as is GABA-rich soy sauce and "GABA rice" (aka "germinated brown rice"). The Jones Soda Company has even gotten in on the act, with Jones GABA—a functional tea-juice beverage.
Why is GABA so popular? It appears to reduce anxiety and promote a sense of calm. Herbalists often recommend GABA as an alternative to the herb kava for people who want a natural tranquilizer. The effects of GABA are mild and it does not cause sedation. GABA is also used to promote sleep.
This use is supported by a few small studies on animals and humans. Unfortunately, research in this area is limited, although there are a large number of positive—albeit anecdotal—reports.
In addition to its use for improving relaxation/sleep, supplemental GABA may also enhance growth hormone (GH) release. This is why it is often included in various formulas designed to promote natural growth hormone secretion. Nonetheless, these products do not appear to produce results comparable to injections of genuine GH.
Oral GABA may also reduce blood pressure, either taken straight or within a functional food product such as fermented milk. More research, however, needs to be done before GABA can be recommended for this condition.
This may take a while, since very few researchers appear to be interested in dietary or supplemental GABA. Given GABA's iimportance to brain function, this may seem ironic.
There's a reason for it, though: it has long been thought that GABA cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.
Some have speculated that—if taken in large enough doses—a small amount may get through, but this issue has not been settled.
Thus, researchers have focused on GABA analogs and derivatives able to enter the brain more easily.
GABA is available in tablets, capsules and in powdered form (not to mention Jones Soda.). Capsules can be opened and mixed with liquid to make them easier to ingest. Sublingual tablets of GABA (tablets that are placed under the tongue to dissolve) are also available.
GABA is best absorbed and more effective when taken between meals. It should be stored away from heat and moisture in a cool, dry place. Because prescription medications for anxiety target GABA receptors in the brain, people who are taking such medications should not use GABA supplements without the advice of a medical professional.
It is possible for GABA to produce significant drowsiness if it is taken with tranquilizers, including codeine and other narcotic pain relievers, so they should be taken together only with extreme caution.
Though GABA is reportedly safe at recommended doses, some mild stomach irritation or nausea are possible. Some people also report drowsiness as a side effect. At high doses, GABA can exacerbate the very symptoms of anxiety and insomnia that it is supposed to alleviate, underscoring the need to use it within recommended amounts.
Numbness around the mouth and tingling in the extremities are other possible side effects of high doses of GABA. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding and people with liver or kidney disease should not take GABA, as its safety has not been established for people with these conditions.
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